Dynamics- degrees of volume

pp -  pianissimo  - very soft

p – piano  - soft

mp – mezzo piano  - medium soft

mf  -  mezzo forte  - medium loud

f – forte  -  loud

ff  -  fortissimo  - very loud

fp – forte piano  -  attack the note loud then get immediately soft

Crescendo – gradually get louder

Diminuendo – gradually get softer

sfz – sforzando – with sudden emphasis

subito mp - suddenly change dynamics to mezzo piano

Articulations - the manner in which notes are performed

Staccatto – short and detached

Legato – smooth and connected

Tenuto - to hold a note for it's full value

Accent – emphasize the beginning of the note

Marcato or marc. –  marked, accented, stressed

Sostenuto - sustained

Tempos - speeds

Molto Rall. – slow down a lot

Rallantando – gradually slower

A tempo -  back to the original tempo

Maestoso – majestic

Adagio – slowly

Andante – moderately slow

Allegro – lively, brisk, rapid

Moderato – moderate tempo

Ritardando or rit. – slow down

Accelerando – gradually get faster

Other terms

Dal Segno al Coda – go to the sign and then to the coda

Coda – special ending

Fine – The end

Divisi or div. – divide the part among the section

Tutti - entire ensemble plays

Simili - continue in the same manner

poco a poco - little by litle

Enharmonic - two notes that sound the same but are spelled differently